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Skylights: Installing, Flashing and Fixing Them Properly

9 step by step guides

A skylight is a hole in the roof with glass in it, so it is only as good as the framing around the hole and the flashing around the frame. The glass rarely fails first. The leaks come from a rough opening that was cut wrong, a flashing kit that was changed or skipped, or a curb that sits too low to shed water. Start with the skylight types so you know which kind of unit you are dealing with, then work through the install that matches it.

The two main installs are a deck-mounted skylight, which sits directly on the roof deck, and a curb-mounted skylight, which sits on a built-up frame. Both depend on the flashing, and on flat roofs the curb, the upstands and the cricket behind it decide whether the skylight is still dry in ten years.

Many skylight complaints are not leaks at all. In a long, wet Fraser Valley winter, cold glass collects condensation that looks exactly like a drip. The guide on fixing a leaking skylight shows how to tell the difference before anyone pulls the flashing apart. And when a roof is already being replaced, replacing the skylight at the same time is almost always cheaper than doing it later.

Skylights Guides

  1. Guide 1Skylight Types: Curb-Mount, Deck-Mount and TubularThe three main skylight types are deck-mounted, curb-mounted and tubular. Deck-mounted units sit flush on the roof deck with a factory flashing kit and suit pitched shingle roofs. Curb-mounted units sit on a raised frame, at least 4 inches above a pitched roof and commonly 8 inches above a flat membrane roof, and suit flat and low-slope roofs. Tubular skylights are small light tunnels. Each can be fixed or venting, with glazing chosen for heat and condensation.Intermediate1 to 2 hours to plan
  2. Guide 2How to Install a Deck-Mounted SkylightA deck-mounted skylight is installed by marking the opening from inside, cutting the roof deck, framing headers and trimmers if a rafter is cut, fastening the unit to the deck, then flashing with the manufacturer's kit. The sill flashing goes on first, then the sides, then the head, each lapped over the one below. Self-adhered membrane goes under the flashing as a collar. Follow the unit's own instructions.Advanced1 to 2 days
  3. Guide 3How to Install a Curb-Mounted SkylightA curb-mounted skylight is set on a raised frame, the curb, that is already built and flashed into the roof. Set the unit on the curb with its gasket or sealant bead, fasten it through the flange or brackets as the manufacturer specifies, and cap the curb with its cap flashing. The roofing or membrane runs up the curb sides, and the curb is commonly at least 4 inches above a pitched roof surface, and about 8 inches above a flat membrane roof.Advanced4 to 8 hours
  4. Guide 4How to Build a Skylight CurbA skylight curb is a four-sided frame of dimensional lumber, commonly 2 by 6 or 2 by 8, fastened to the roof deck around the opening. Size it to the skylight's outside dimensions, make it square and level on top, and build it tall enough to stand at least 4 inches above the finished roof surface on a pitched roof and 8 inches on a flat membrane roof, or whatever the manufacturer requires. Insulate the inside and seal the corners before flashing.Advanced3 to 6 hours
  5. Guide 5How to Flash a SkylightFlash a skylight with the manufacturer's kit, installed from the bottom up: a self-adhered membrane collar first, then the sill flashing, the side flashing and finally the head flashing, each lapped over the one below it. Sides are either woven step flashing or continuous sidewall pieces depending on the kit and roof. Shingles lap over the flashing, and a cricket or diverter protects the head on wide units.Advanced3 to 6 hours
  6. Guide 6How to Replace a Skylight During a ReroofReplace the skylight during the reroof, after tear-off and before the new shingles go on. Remove the old unit and flashing, check and repair the framing and deck, size the new unit to the existing opening, install it with its matching flashing kit and a membrane collar, then shingle to the flashing. Do interior finishing and check the light shaft insulation last.Advanced4 to 8 hours added to a reroof
  7. Guide 7How to Install a Tubular Skylight (Sun Tunnel)A tubular skylight is installed by locating a spot between rafters and ceiling joists, cutting a round hole through the ceiling and the roof, flashing the roof base under the shingles above and over the shingles below, running the reflective tube down from the dome to the ceiling, and fitting the diffuser. The hole is commonly 10 to 14 inches across. Follow the kit's instructions for angles, extensions and sealing.Intermediate3 to 5 hours
  8. Guide 8How to Install a Skylight on a Flat RoofOn a flat or low-slope roof, mount the skylight on a curb that stands at least 8 inches above the finished roof surface, the common minimum flashing height for membrane roofs. Turn the roofing membrane up the curb as an upstand, fasten and seal it at the top, and cap it with counterflashing. Add a small cricket behind the uphill side of the curb so water drains around it, and insulate the curb to prevent condensation.Professional1 to 2 days
  9. Guide 9How to Fix a Leaking SkylightBefore fixing a skylight leak, check whether it is condensation: drips on cold mornings, water running down the glass or shaft and no link to rain. For a real leak, check debris at the head, failed seals, cracked or fogged glass, then flashing faults such as missing laps, exposed nails or dried sealant. Clean and reseal minor faults. Replace the skylight and flashing if the unit or roof is old.Advanced1 to 4 hours

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Skylights: Common Questions

Do skylights leak?

A properly framed and flashed skylight should not leak, but many do because of poor flashing, a wrong-sized opening, or a failed seal on an old unit. Many reported leaks are actually condensation on cold glass or on the light shaft. Checking whether the water appears only on cold mornings, and whether it runs down the glass, helps separate condensation from a real leak.

How long does a skylight last?

Quality skylights commonly last 15 to 25 years, but the flashing and seals often wear out before the glass does. Old units with failed insulated glass seals fog between the panes, and old sealant and rusted flashing let water in. Skylights are normally replaced when the roof is, because the flashing has to be rebuilt with new shingles anyway.

Can I install a skylight myself?

A small skylight that fits between existing rafters is possible for an experienced handyperson who can work safely at height. Anything that needs a rafter cut and a header added is a structural change, and the framing needs to be done properly, sometimes with an engineer or a permit. Most people hire out the roof side even if they finish the interior.

Where is the best place for a skylight?

Skylights perform best on the south or east side for light, placed away from valleys, hips and chimneys where water is concentrated. Keep them clear of the ridge and eave by enough room to flash properly. On Fraser Valley roofs, avoid spots under big trees, where needles and debris collect at the upper side of the frame.

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